Jumping spiders, with their captivating eyes and acrobatic prowess, are quickly becoming popular pets. Unlike their often-feared cousins, these tiny arachnids are intelligent, curious, and relatively easy to care for, making them ideal for beginners venturing into the world of invertebrate keeping. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know to provide a happy and healthy home for your new eight-legged friend.

What Makes Jumping Spiders So Special?

Jumping spiders (family Salticidae) are a diverse group with over 600 genera and 6,000 species worldwide. What sets them apart is their incredible vision and jumping ability. They don't spin webs to catch prey; instead, they rely on their sharp eyesight to spot their next meal and then leap with incredible accuracy. This hunting style makes them fascinating to watch and interact with. Their small size, typically ranging from a few millimeters to about an inch, also makes them manageable pets for those with limited space.

Choosing Your Jumping Spider: Species and Where to Find Them

Before you rush out to get a jumping spider, it's important to consider which species is right for you. Some species are more readily available and easier to care for than others. Here are a few popular choices for beginners:

  • Phidippus regius (Regal Jumping Spider): This is arguably the most popular choice due to its large size, striking colors, and relatively docile temperament. They are also relatively easy to breed, making them more available.

  • Phidippus audax (Audax Jumping Spider/Daring Jumping Spider): Another readily available species, P. audax is known for its bold personality and iridescent chelicerae (mouthparts). They are generally smaller than P. regius but still make excellent pets.

  • Hyllus diardi (Giant Jumping Spider): As the name suggests, this species is one of the largest jumping spiders, reaching up to an inch in body length. They are less common than Phidippus species but are becoming increasingly popular due to their impressive size and intelligence.

Where to Find Them:

  • Reputable Breeders: This is the best option. Breeders can provide captive-bred spiders, ensuring they are healthy and accustomed to human interaction. They can also offer valuable advice on care.
  • Online Invertebrate Retailers: Many online stores specialize in invertebrates and offer a variety of jumping spider species. Research the retailer to ensure they have a good reputation for ethical and healthy animal sales.
  • Reptile Expos: These events often feature vendors selling a variety of exotic pets, including jumping spiders. This is a good opportunity to see the spiders in person and ask questions.
  • Avoid Wild-Caught Spiders: Collecting spiders from the wild is generally discouraged. Wild-caught spiders may be stressed, carry parasites, or be difficult to acclimate to captivity. It is also illegal in some regions.

Important Considerations:

  • Legality: Check your local laws and regulations regarding keeping exotic pets. Some areas may have restrictions on certain species.
  • Commitment: Jumping spiders can live for up to a year or two, depending on the species. Be prepared to provide consistent care for the duration of their lifespan.
  • Research: Before purchasing a jumping spider, thoroughly research its specific care requirements.

Setting Up Your Jumping Spider's Home: Enclosure Essentials

Creating the right environment is crucial for your jumping spider's well-being. Here's a breakdown of the essentials:

  • Enclosure Size: For most jumping spider species, a small enclosure is sufficient. A good starting point is a clear plastic or acrylic container that is at least 4x4x6 inches (length x width x height). Taller enclosures are preferable, as jumping spiders naturally prefer to be higher up. For larger species like Hyllus diardi, you'll need a larger enclosure.

  • Ventilation: Adequate ventilation is essential to prevent the build-up of humidity and stagnant air. The enclosure should have ventilation holes on the sides and top. Mesh lids are also a good option.

  • Substrate: The substrate is the material that lines the bottom of the enclosure. Good options include:

    • Coco fiber: This is a popular choice as it retains moisture well and is readily available.
    • Peat moss: Similar to coco fiber, peat moss provides a good substrate for burrowing and humidity retention.
    • Paper towels: This is a simple and easy-to-clean option, especially for juvenile spiders.

  • Decor: Decor provides hiding places and climbing opportunities for your jumping spider. Essential items include:

    • Branches and twigs: These provide natural climbing surfaces.
    • Artificial or live plants: Plants add to the aesthetic appeal of the enclosure and provide additional hiding places.
    • Cork bark: Cork bark is a natural and attractive option that also provides a good surface for climbing.
    • Hides: While jumping spiders don't typically burrow, they appreciate having a small hide to retreat to. This could be a small piece of cork bark, a coconut shell, or even a rolled-up piece of paper.

  • Lighting: Jumping spiders don't require special lighting, but they do need a day/night cycle. Natural ambient light is usually sufficient. Avoid placing the enclosure in direct sunlight, as this can overheat the spider. If you choose to use artificial lighting, opt for a low-wattage LED light.

  • Temperature and Humidity: Most jumping spider species thrive at room temperature (around 65-80°F or 18-27°C). Humidity levels should be moderate, around 50-70%. You can maintain humidity by misting the enclosure lightly with water once or twice a day. Use a hygrometer to monitor humidity levels.

Setting Up the Enclosure:

  1. Clean the enclosure thoroughly with warm, soapy water. Rinse well and dry completely.
  2. Add a layer of substrate to the bottom of the enclosure, about 1-2 inches deep.
  3. Arrange the decor in a way that provides climbing opportunities and hiding places.
  4. Mist the enclosure lightly with water to increase humidity.
  5. Introduce your jumping spider to its new home.

Feeding Your Jumping Spider: What and How Often

Jumping spiders are carnivorous predators, and their diet consists primarily of insects. Here's what you need to know about feeding your jumping spider:

  • Food Sources:

    • Live Crickets: These are a readily available and nutritious food source. Choose crickets that are appropriately sized for your spider (no larger than the spider's abdomen).
    • Fruit Flies: These are ideal for juvenile spiders or smaller species.
    • Mealworms: While nutritious, mealworms are high in fat and should be offered sparingly.
    • Waxworms: Similar to mealworms, waxworms are high in fat and should be offered as an occasional treat.
    • Blue Bottle Flies: This is a nutritious and exciting option, as jumping spiders enjoy hunting them. They can be purchased as pupae and hatched at home.

  • Feeding Frequency:

    • Juveniles: Feed juvenile spiders 2-3 times per week.
    • Adults: Feed adult spiders 1-2 times per week.

  • Feeding Method:

    • Release the prey item into the enclosure: Allow your spider to hunt naturally.
    • Remove uneaten prey: If the spider doesn't eat the prey item within 24 hours, remove it from the enclosure to prevent it from stressing the spider or fouling the enclosure.
  • Gut Loading: Gut loading is the practice of feeding nutritious food to the prey insects before offering them to your spider. This ensures that your spider is getting the maximum nutritional benefit from its food. Good options for gut loading include fresh fruits, vegetables, and commercial gut-loading diets.
  • Water: Jumping spiders get most of their hydration from their prey. However, it's still important to provide a source of water. You can do this by misting the enclosure lightly with water once or twice a day. The spider will drink the droplets from the leaves and walls of the enclosure. You can also offer a small water dish with a cotton ball or sponge to prevent the spider from drowning.

Important Considerations:

  • Size Matters: Always choose prey items that are appropriately sized for your spider.
  • Variety is Key: Offer a variety of prey items to ensure that your spider is getting a balanced diet.
  • Observe Your Spider: Pay attention to your spider's feeding habits. If it's not eating, it may be stressed, sick, or preparing to molt.

Molting: A Natural Process

Molting is a natural process in which a spider sheds its exoskeleton to grow. During this time, your spider will become lethargic and may refuse to eat. It's important to provide a humid environment during molting to help the spider shed its exoskeleton successfully.

Signs of Molting:

  • Reduced activity: The spider will become less active and may spend more time hiding.
  • Refusal to eat: The spider may stop eating for several days or even weeks before molting.
  • Darkening of the exoskeleton: The spider's exoskeleton may become darker or more opaque.
  • Webbing a molting hammock: The spider may spin a silken hammock to hang from during the molting process.

What to Do During Molting:

  • Increase humidity: Mist the enclosure more frequently to increase humidity levels.
  • Do not disturb: Avoid handling or disturbing the spider during molting.
  • Be patient: Molting can take several hours or even days.
  • Remove the old exoskeleton: Once the spider has finished molting, remove the old exoskeleton from the enclosure.

Handling Your Jumping Spider: Building Trust

While jumping spiders are not cuddly pets, they can be handled with care and patience. Here are some tips for handling your jumping spider:

  • Start Slowly: Don't try to handle your spider immediately after bringing it home. Give it a few days to acclimate to its new environment.
  • Gentle Approach: Approach the spider slowly and gently. Avoid sudden movements that could startle it.
  • Use a Soft Brush or Leaf: Gently coax the spider onto a soft brush or leaf, then transfer it to your hand.
  • Short Sessions: Keep handling sessions short, especially at first.
  • Be Patient: It may take time for your spider to become comfortable with being handled.
  • Never Force It: Never force a spider to be handled if it is resisting.
  • Wash Your Hands: Always wash your hands before and after handling your spider.

Important Considerations:

  • Jumping Spiders Can Jump: Be aware that jumping spiders can jump, so handle them in a safe area where they can't escape.
  • They Can Bite (But Rarely Do): Jumping spiders can bite, but their bites are generally not painful and are not considered dangerous to humans.
  • Respect Boundaries: If your spider is showing signs of stress, such as hiding or trying to escape, stop handling it and give it some space.

Common Health Problems: Spotting the Signs

While jumping spiders are generally hardy, they can be susceptible to certain health problems. Here are some common issues to watch out for:

  • Dehydration: Signs of dehydration include lethargy, shriveled abdomen, and difficulty molting. Prevent dehydration by misting the enclosure regularly.
  • Parasites: Mites and other parasites can infest jumping spiders. Signs of infestation include excessive scratching, visible mites, and lethargy. Consult a veterinarian or experienced invertebrate keeper for treatment options.
  • Injuries: Injuries can occur from falls or from being crushed. Handle your spider with care and provide a safe enclosure to prevent injuries.
  • Molting Problems: Molting problems can occur if the humidity is too low or if the spider is stressed. Provide a humid environment and avoid disturbing the spider during molting.
  • Fungal Infections: Fungal infections can occur in humid environments. Ensure adequate ventilation to prevent fungal growth.

When to Seek Help:

If you notice any signs of illness or injury, it's important to seek help from a veterinarian or experienced invertebrate keeper. Early intervention can improve the chances of a successful recovery.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • Do jumping spiders need UVB lighting? No, they do not. Ambient room light is sufficient to maintain their day/night cycle.

  • How long do jumping spiders live? Their lifespan depends on the species, but generally, they live for about a year to two years.

  • Can I keep multiple jumping spiders together? No, jumping spiders are solitary creatures and should be kept individually.

  • What if my jumping spider isn't eating? This could be due to stress, an upcoming molt, or illness. Ensure proper temperature, humidity, and offer different prey items.

  • Are jumping spiders venomous? Yes, they are venomous, but their venom is not harmful to humans.

Final Thoughts

Caring for a jumping spider can be an incredibly rewarding experience. By providing the right environment, diet, and care, you can enjoy the fascinating behavior and unique personality of these amazing creatures. Remember to research your specific species and always prioritize your spider's well-being. With a little dedication, you'll be well on your way to becoming a successful jumping spider keeper.